Getting to know Bigger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Getting to k straight stylus large - Essay Examples vanishing on her darling, a Communist he tries to gather a retribution from her guardians after the body is discovered he kills his Negro paramour to keep her from deceiving him to the police. The ace day from now he is caught on the snow-secured top of a South Side dwelling, while a crowd wails in the road below. big is a character made to show us the issue of racism that was wherefore present in America. The situation of the racial groups, the condition they went through, and their feelings their tough situations have been shown through the character of larger Thomas.Bigger, he demonstrates, had been prepared from the earliest starting point to be a terrible resident. He had been taught American beliefs of life, in the schools, in the magazines, in the modest film houses, yet had been precluded any methods from claiming accomplishing them. All that he undeniable to have or do was held for the whites. I simply cant get accust omed to it, he lets one know of his poolroom pals. I vow to God I cant Every time I discern it I feel like some persons jabbing a super hot iron take in my throat.His every day presence is smudged with apprehension of white individuals, dread of life itself, and disgrace at the way his family exists. In spite of the situation that we know hes picked up another employment, even the new occupation offers bittie trust for a superior life. His family will keep on lying in the same rodent plagued one-room condo and battle to put sustenance on the table, a reality that fills Bigger with a vicious feeling of his own weakness. The Daltons, the well off white family that utilizes him, recommend that Bigger has an open door to outgrowth an instruction through night school while he lives and works for them. In spite of the fact that this is an open door that few blacks at the time are offered, the Daltons liberality is moderated actually, demolished by their racism. Bigger realizes th at the well off white family possesses the condo in which

Human Resource Development in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resource Development in UK - Essay ExampleAs workforce is cheap in developing countries, these countries could concentrate on providing bringing up for jobs that do non require such(prenominal) high skills. Similarly, there argon developing countries that wish to compete with the advanced countries in producing specialized goods and services. To upgrade high- engine room products would require the necessary arrangements and investments for long term research along with expensive and complex production equipment. However, providing the respectable environment for the skilled man resources would make them perform better.For a job to be done well, not only is a person required to rush inherent talent, but also be provided with the modish skills in that particular industry. Sometime, they can be made to have the skill by hiring them from outside the organisation. that it is difficult to achieve this by training and developing the present employees.Human Resource Developmen t (HRD) is a planned curriculum that is used in order to invest in human beings capital. Development of human resources is one of the most important contributors to the success of the UK economy. It draws on other human resource processes, for example resourcing and carrying into action evaluation, so that the real and probable talent can be recognized. HRD helps to present a structure for self-development, training courses and career progression. We will rec everyplace in the following HRD at the environmental level, HRD and the organization, the learning organization, Development programmes, induction, authorisation and HRD and Leadership development.HRD at the environmental levelIn order to respond to the changing demands of the job market, human capital development should be in the form of education and skills training. Some skills are a remnant even when there is high employment. Newswire Today reports that in 2007 a report was issued by the British domiciliate of Commerce (BCC) entitled UK Skills Making the Grade. This report was based on a survey of over 300 employers in the UK. According to this report, 55% of the employers who were evaluated were finding it more difficult to employ skilled workers straight as compared to the five years ago. In order to find a solution to this problem, in the uniform year the UK Government announced the major expansion in skills investment for England of over 11 cardinal for each of the next three years. The total spending on learning and skills is likely to increase to 12.3 million in a year by 2010/11. This is comparing with the 6.5 billion spent in 2001/02 (Department for Innovation, Universities & Skills, n.d.).There are many differences in education and training levels in the many countries around the world. For example, in Germany, they consider technology and production as high status activities. In their opinion, to succeed in some areas, employees must have a high level of skilful training. Thus Germ an businesses give greater importance to technical advantage than those in the UK. In the UK, it is not only technology that is important but other areas as well, even the ones unconnected to the engineering and technical side. A case in point could be the convey Industry in Britain. It is only recently that the Film Industry has been credited, but it is a fact that the UK has move to make it successful. For this purpose, the Film Industry

Social Networking Sites Negatively Effect Adults through the Windows Research Paper

Social Networking Sites Negatively Effect Adults through and through the Windows of Privacy, Productivity, and Health - Research opus ExampleThis will drastically cut the incidents where their information is stolen or used without their permission (Collins 2008) C) The effect on productivity and overall performance is significant. Many workers have been found wasting their time while surfboard and using these cordial meshs. Numerous steps have been taken to curb its use on the net (Das & Sahoo 2011) D) Psychological and behavioral changes due to the excessive use of Social networking sites have been observed and the most large one is the addiction to it. Also many people have been found to become reclusive from the connection and more prone to interacting through these websites (Mackey 2009) 3. In summation, the excessive use of these social networking websites has affected many users considerably. The effects of its usage are on both on the body and mind. Social networking sites negatively chargedly affect adults through the windows of privacy, productivity, and health The rapid adoption of the social network go has resulted in numerous researches and surveys being conducted to recognize its effects on the personal and social behavior of a person. Also its excessive use has resulted in many adults facing issues of privacy and breach of security when it comes to their information. Many social network service companies are now offering better and improved services that include reading comics, playing games, and better communications with your connections and many other features, which has resulted in a negative influence on the productivity of the individuals. Many offices global are simply banning Facebook and other famous social networking websites on their premises so that the employees should snap on their work. One of the most detrimental effects of social networks that have been observed is on the health of the users. It has been now attribu ted to psychological and behavioral changes in many users and is considered to be a health hazard in case of excessive use. This paper will try to evaluate whether social networking sites have a negative influence and impact on the privacy, productivity and the health of many adult users (Boyd & Ellison 2007). Since their inception Social network services have changed or revolutionized the way we communicate on the internet. People who start using social network services will initially do so for many reasons, but the basic pauperism is to start communicating and sustaining relationships. A social network service can be defined as a service that assists people to create their own profile on the internet which they can all make public or semi public. Apart from this, the social network service will as well as allow users to connect with people they know or share the same interests with. The social network services serve as a platform on which people can view and find untried conne ctions and also view their friends and family connections making it transverse and interconnected (Boyd & Ellison 2007). Social networks have been widely criticized for privacy concerns. When a person creates their page or account on a social network, they are required to play in some information for their public profile. But there are great variations in the take aim of privacy offered by numerous social networks.

Power Conflict slp Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power Conflict slp - Assignment Example awareness of the issues impact both parties, overall improvement of employee morale, improvement of working conditions and finally plusd productivity and innovation in the organisation. On the contrary, dysfunctional contradicts lead to a win lose situation for the parties. The negative results for such conflicts accommodate usage of threats that end up destroying the relationship between parties, both parties end up losing and finally increase in chances of retaliation.The organisation that was involved in real estate development was in functional conflict with the local community. It was mainly due to the development of town homes on a grumpy parcel of wreak within the town. The chair management had sited that the lands location was ideal for the construction of town homes, but the general community was against it. Some of the issues raised by the community were that its construction would lead to a accentuate in the available resour ces such as schools, as the number of children would increase. It resulted in demonstrations by the community concerning the particular land. The organisation was well known for corporate social responsibility within the community, but the resistance to the stand out by the community was unimaginable. The top management had the option of bribing the local administration, but this would be detrimental to the organisations had pull in corporate image.One of the key principles of the organisation was transparency, fairness for all and accountability. The top management was not get to to forego these principles for its benefits. Based on the conflicts, the board of governors had to convene a meeting to address the issues that would result to a win-win situation for both parties. The top management felt that was a functional conflict as the dissension would yield a positive result for the conflicting parties. A meeting was organised between the top management and local community repr esentatives. Conflicting issues were addressed and

Critical Issues in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Critical Issues in Marketing - raise Example(BRASSINGTON, Frances, 2006)Each one of the four Ps is a variable that is managed in creation of the marketing last that draws customers towards company. (CANT, M. C., 2009) This paper hereby emphasizes on the five critical issues in the modern marketing practices that are widely acknowledged as culture fix, self-help, super markets, counter culture and selling of celebrity.The term Culture jamming refers to a cultural backtalk by switching to the language of ascertained power. (GOODMAN, Jennifer, 2006) The process comprises of playing with unforgettable structures of communiqu and interfaces like posters, billboards, official language, protocol, spaces and imagery (GOODMAN, Jennifer, 2006) and spiraling them back against its creator. An undermined note could contain critique of the original or might ally with a novel political message for instance Class War equitable Do It. (GOODMAN, Jennifer, 2006) Usually, culture jamming is consid ered as time saving as it is a quick communication channel on an existing advertisement with need of merely a marker. It evenly involves the design of professional media, necessitating the transcendency of intricate graphical design and copywriting. Culture jamming had brought an up to date twirl to an elongated legacy of court jesting, opinionated satire and jokey commotions of the society. (KOTLER, Philip, 2005)Unlike its antecedents, although, this modern dissident game is participated principally with signs and symbols in the fellowship that has already approached to be pervade by them. (SOLOMON, Michael R., 2003) The phase for the materialization of culture jamming was laid in the early 20th century as mass fabrication mass utilization and mass haul set its foot in Europe and North America. (KOTLER, Philip, 2005)The pace conveyed with these innovative growths shaped a pig out of information leading way for industrialized civilizations to search for and grow extra competen t codes of message to escape with it all making exemplary lingos more imperative than ever and gave birth to countless novel symbolic code from street map emblems to commercial logos, all intended to craft swift sense of step by step more multifaceted information. (KOTLER, Philip, 2005) In the precedent two decades, culture jamming has caught on far-off and wide range, credit to

Candombl Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Candombl Religion - Research Paper ExampleThe religion is founded on the soul of Nature, exclusively also displays elements of African mythology and culture. The popularity of Candombl is due to the junto of many religions into cardinal, making it agreeable to a variety of electromotive force followers and one of the most sough-out religions in Africa and Europe. When a religion is considered to be syncretistic, it means that it is a combination of two or more religions or cultures, pulling beliefs, stories, and, oftentimes, deities from other religions. Candombl is a combination of three main(prenominal) African religions, Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu. Muslim traditions hand also been incorporated, though these were more common during the slave trade in Brazil. The only when Muslim tradition that is still observed in Candombl is believing, and thus practicing, the use of Friday as the only day worthy of worshipping deities, praying, and meditating. Many local Native American deitie s were also used in rituals, though this practice did not last long due to the Catholic Church looking down upon such(prenominal) practices, thus not allowing their slaves to implement them into their practices. Catholicism is yet another religion whose beliefs and practices have been adopted by the Candombl religion. This was due to the fact that many Christian slave owners and Church leaders felt it was important to change over the enslaved Africans. This was in order to satisfy their religious obligations ... (History of Candomble). A connection was found between the worshipping of saints in Catholicism and the worshipping of ancestor deities in Candomble, so the Candomble practitioners secretly combined their deities with the saints of Catholicism. Deities and Beliefs Candomble is a polytheistic religion, recognizing and worshipping more than one god. They believe in an all-powerful God, Oludum be, and the lesser deities that serve him. These lesser deities are known as orixas , voduns, and inkices. Orixas are ancestors that, upon death, become viewed and treated as gods. They each represent a specific force in genius and a certain food, animal, or color. Voduns and inkices are spirit gods, similar to orixas the three lesser deities share the calling of acting as a connection between the spiritual world and the human world, passing on messages or searching for cures to illnesses. The greatest difference between orixas and voduns and inkices is that it is believed that every human being has their own orixa, whose responsibility it is to control the destiny of that person, as well as to protect them (Voeks 57). It is also a belief of Candomble practitioners that a persons personality and defining characteristics are dependent on that persons orixa. Candomble maintains a belief similar to that of karma, which is more common in Buddhism and Hinduism. Karma is the belief that a persons actions in the present will influence or have an effect on their lives in the future or in another life. Candomble holds that there are no concepts of good and evil. Each person has the task of fulfilling their destiny in whatever way they need to, regardless of what that destiny is. However, if a person succumbs to evil to fulfill their destiny, their actions will come back to them, essentially returning their evil. This belief prevents people from doing anything that they want, allowing them to understand that their are consequences to their actions. The Candomble have a variety of moral codes that they most follow, though these tend to change from generation to generation. It is the job of the Baba Egum to mould and update the moral responsibilities of their people. The Baba Egum are in charge of making sure that the essential moral codes

The course Academic Communication in the English language Essay - 61

The course academician Communication in the English language - Essay ExampleThe three essays that I wrote during this course was a challenge because the style of writing taught in the English Second Language program differed to a broad extent from the writing that I was introduced to in this course. Going through the Academic Communication cures taught me a voltaic pile of useful concepts in the English language. Most importantly, Academic Communication cures program has taught me how to save up a investigate paper, how to write an argumentation research, and how to link my ideas with the topic that I focus on. Because of Academic Communication cures, I palpate that my ability to deliver effective research papers has improved. Looking back, I struggled so much to write my ideas and points in a cohesive and appropriate manner in my first essay. In fact, because of frequent mistakes, I cannot remember the number of mistakes I made in that first essay at the beginning of this cour se. However, by week two, we had al acquirey discussed so much on plagiarism, APA style and citation rules and much more. We had also read an article titled, An Enviros Case for Seal Hunt, to help us in research writing which helped in avoiding plagiarism in writing. I also learned about argumentative writing which allows writers to show their flavor and thoughts.Writers can use many sources to support their arguments. I have learned how to support a uniform argument in a perfect manner. I faced challenges analyzing the work of another author so as to clarify and perfect my ideas.

General Electric Medical Systems, 2002 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

General Electric Medical Systems, 2002 - Essay ExampleIn 2002 when Joe Hogan took up the reins he approach a difficult situation of having to decide whether GEMS should continue its policy of being a Global Products corporation (GPC) or modify the concept to In China for China. GPC required that the manufacturing activity of the entire couch of products be concentrated in places, including China, where this could be do at the abjectest cost while maintaining standards and supplies do to the entire global grocery. The alternative would mean that the production in China would be meant exclusively for the Chinese markets.GEMS also had to decide whether it would continue concentration on excellence in engineering or pop off to new areas of genomics and health care information which would bring it into competition with smaller software companies but has to be done if GEMS has to be part of the emerging technologies that might, one day, make its existing lines of business obsolete and redundant.Analysis of the market situation revealed that the population of advanced countries was increasingly becoming older needing higher spending on healthcare making double digit growth in healthcare related industry possible. However the low per capita spend on medicine and diagnostics in emerging economies like China and India opened doors for a huge opportunity for GEMS both for new equipment as well as for reconditioned equipment marketed under its Gold seal off program. Other countries in Eastern Europe and Latin America were also emerging as giving markets with opening up of their economies and development of their soft infrastructure.China was predominantly a low-end equipment market and had allowed the use of utilize equipment also. The market segmentation was high-end products, sold mainly in the US, Japan and other developed countries contributing 45%, mid-tier products 35% and the low-end making up the balance 20%. However it was the cheaper products that had the maximum potential for growth due to

Vulnerability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Vulnerability - Essay Examplenternal or external resources to cope with stressors. They argue that defenceless people do not have the capacity to react to possible stressors and thus have a high risk of harms or losses. Rogers (1997) on the other hand defines pic as susceptibility to wellness problems, harm or neglect. He argues that photograph is used to mean a certain level of risk or threat to the person, and maybe concrete reality-based or a feared threat. From these two definitions it is possible to note that vulnerability is a propensity to harm and makes people helpless, making them need some form of justification. Mr Brown, the subject of this subject is vulnerable because of his mental condition and his inability to make decisions and thus needs protection.In defining vulnerability, the circumstance can be viewed in two dimensions. The first is vulnerability as a noun (etic) and the second is vulnerability as an adjective (emic). In the first perspective, vulnerabili ty is taken to mean susceptibility to or possibleness of harm and is thus externally evaluated by and case-by-case who sees another as in need of protection from harm (Spiers, 2000). The second perspective, emic, vulnerability is viewed as a state of being threatened and a touch perception of fear of harm. This is internally evaluated by the individual as a result of experiences that makes the individual feel vulnerable. Etic vulnerability has received wide scholarly attention in the medical field as well as in other fields. Emic vulnerability is less explored in the medical field (Spiers, 2000).This paper seeks to explore the make do of vulnerability through the eyes of a patient named Brown. It will look at the factors that made the individual to be considered vulnerable by looking at how and why he was feeling vulnerable. It will alike look at practices and experiences that made the individual vulnerable before looking at the ways in which he could be protected from being vu lnerable.The first reason that made him

It is the Introductory Memo assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

It is the Introductory Memo - Assignment ExampleAttaining the position of the Finance advisor for a company is my ultimate long-term goal.I aim to express exceptional performance in my writing course for this semester. I will strive to internalize every information taught in class. Moreover, I will put into practice the skills learnt in the entire course into a real life situation. I hope to do part-time secretarial job during the vacation, where I will adequately apply the achieve line of reasoning and technical writing skills. I intend to perfect my writing skills by the end of this course.I have vast experience with computers. I usually use my Samsung laptop when at home. My Samsung laptop has the pursuance specifications, Core i7 with a processing speed of 4.00 GHz, and windows 8 installed.I recently worked in Dell Inc. and my cay responsibility was to write the incorporations newsletters as well as updating the companys website. These duties greatly purifyd my writing skills . My earlier workplace was in Coca-Cola Company, where compiled financial report for the company.Some of my achievements accept participating in swimming competition, in which I emerged the best. I enrolled in a driving work and win a license after completing the course successfully. I have also attained a driving license after completing the driving course. I will also itemization this course among my achievement after completing it successfully.My desire is to excel in both technical and dividing line writing course. I developed an interest to enrol in this course because of what I experienced at my previous workplace. I expect to develop good communication skills by the end of the course. Few business and technical writers exist, and I view this course as an opportunity from which I can earn a living after successfully completing it. In addition, I would want to assist students that struggle to improve their business and technical writing

Six Sigmas Concept Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Six Sigmas Concept - Research Paper Example27). The idea argues that Six Sigma is all these but not limited to the above-mentioned elements. Concisely put, Six Sigma is a bank line process that allows the companies to design their operations in such a way that helps in improving their merchant ship line profitability by decreasing the waste, increasing the step. Six Sigma is the business philosophy that urges companies to create mechanisms, which to do fewer mistakes in everything that they do, from writing a checkbook to designing a aircraft, from sweeping the floor to amend petroleum (Carreira & Trudell, pp. 98-99). Despite the fact that Six Sigma could be placed in the life of type caution programs but it also has some striking differences from otherwise quality management programs. First, when other quality programs think on finding, detecting and understanding the defects to fix them in the early stages of production, Six Sigma urges specifically to create mechanism, sy stems, and operations, which ar defect melt (Pande & Holpp, pp. 14-15). Six Sigma believes that products which show defects during production are more likely to do the alike when used by the clients therefore, the focus should be recreating these processes in such a way that defects do not arise in the first place. Second, the way Six Sigma defines quality is much different from other quality programs. During the 1980s, when the prevalent definition of quality was around alineance to certain standards regardless of how these standards were being met. Under the umbrella of Six Sigma, quality is defined as a state in which value entitlement is realized for the customer and provider in every aspect of the business relationship (Summers, pp. 27). In the past, when companies focused solely to conform to standards and produce products according to customer requirements they always found themselves trapped. This was because the companies had little or no focus on the process itself. T he company producing the product after finding several defects in it during production, and the company producing it defect free in the first attempt, both were standing in the same line because both had the same quality (Carreira & Trudell, pp. 98-99). Despite working hard on those products, profit margins of these companies remain stagnant or they even unbroken shrinking. They could not increase the price because of the competition but their costs were sky rocketing because of extensive reworking, reprocessing, warranties, inspection, lost sales, polisher inventory, return and allowances, testing costs, overtime, complaint handlings and others (Zinkgraf, pp. 38). Furthermore, Six Sigma is also a business strategy and management philosophy, which cannot be implemented in the absence of support from the top management and the front line employees. Unlike other quality programs, implementation of Six Sigma requires motivation and support from all employees of the day. It is about a sking tough questions about the everyday operations in order to improve them (Carreira & Trudell, pp. 98-99). It is about asking tough questions and leaving rest zone in order to become more effective in achieving the results. Moreover, Six Sigma believes

Written Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Written Review - Essay ExampleOn the contrary, an association with increased risk of breast cancer has been discovered. hormone- fill-in therapy could still be used for post-menopause syndromes. Nevertheless, it should non be used as primary prevention for CVDs and bone density diseases.Womens health is considered to be one of the most crucial medical topics today. Such is why treatments of post menopausal conditions of women continue to be a topic largely investigated. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is noted to be widely used among the much developed countries (Nelson, 2008). In the United States, about one third of their population of women report to be users of HRT (Sharma, 2003). In this paper, the author aims to present the advantages and disadvantages of HRT. A review of 3 scientific medical journals will be presented and thoroughly appraised for its validity and reliability. The author hopes that by doing such, a clearer understanding of the benefits and risks of HRT wil l be achieved. tally to Sharma (2003), hormone replacement therapy is widely used by women today because of its ability to treat symptoms of menopause and the degenerative conditions associated with it. In his paper, Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause Current concerns and considerations (Sharma, 2003), he launched into an in-depth critical analysis of foregone studies concerning HRT. His methodology involved a highly specific Medline research for papers written and submitted in the historic period 1997 to 2003. Only those written in the English language and have an abstract readily available were include in his study (Sharma, 2003). The specific key words used for his study involved hormone replacement therapy, estrogen replacement therapy, menopause and hormone replacement. He was also very thorough and set a criterion in which he would only include materials that are original.According to Sharma (2003) the use of HRT has a strong correlated effect on vasomotor symptoms.

Year-Round Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Year-Round training - Research Paper ExampleIt is important to know the difference amidst this modified schedule and tralatitious scheme to comp ar the benefits and drawbacks of this development. Unlike the traditional system where a triplex month vacation (mostly in spend) is given to students, course of study troll schools offer a cumulative holidays of virtu ally 2 months distributed over the year. These year round schools female genitalia further offer single track, multi track or extended year format. When this new system was introduced in the mid 80s, a lot of controversies erupted that highlighted concerns over certain(p) issues. In order to analyze and compare these two systems it is mandatory to dissect those issues. Traditional system had served its spirit well for a very long time. Now if it was to change it could involve some positive or negative effect on the individuals associated with it, most importantly, the students and the teachers (Haser & Ilham 2005) . So while comparing these two systems focus should be on observing any change in their attitude. For example, a student from a year round school system can be disturbed looking at the kids of his age enjoying their long summertime vacations. Other factors that are important to consider are effect on academic performance, cost and ever-changing a norm of a society. Year round Education and Academic skill Various researches have been conducted around the world to compare the two education calendars. Lindsay-Brown, 2010, investigated and compared the impact of year round school calendar and traditional school calendar on the academic achievements in North Central South Carolina. In this study, 256 elementary students from four different schools, each pair following different calendars, were tested using the Palmetto Achievement Challenge Test (PACT). English language arts and mathematics were the subjects tested in the study. After all the fine adjustments were done to the obtained d ata, the result showed that there was no significant difference in the academic achievements when students from year round schools versus traditional schools were compared. Another review paper of 39 studies (Cooper et al 2003) also indicated a debilitated and insignificant effect of modified school calendar on academic achievement. Most of the think tanks that are in the favor of this modified calendar place their arguments on the basis of superior academic achievements. These results, however, is in direct contradiction to their theory. Some groups such as Summer Matters believe that traditional school system is best for the students and society. The argument is based on philosophy of family ties and relationships. They believe that long summer breaks allow families to derive together and cherish the moments with their children. This social support catalyzes children efforts and stimulates them to perform better in the field of education. Moreover, they insist that summer vacati ons provide an excellent opportunity for kids to learn and discover new things. Why Year round Education Calendar? So if year round education does not help students to excel in their academics, therefore why this system has gained popularity over the years? Parents, faculty and administrator weigh certain other factors as well such as growing school enrollments, working parents and shrinking budget (Sheilds & Stevens, 2000). These problems are partly solved by introducing this education calendar. For example, multi-track year round schooling divides students into groups and rotates them in an organized manner. This multi tracking can increase the capacity of school by 30%. Therefore, the total number of students accommodated in 4 traditional schoo

Advanced HealthCare Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Advanced HealthCare Management - Assignment ExampleThe first approach which is based on equity in maintaining a smooth business relationship with employers actually stresses fair and equal learning of employees to the tasks accomplished and to the remuneration that is received. Likewise, it was noted that it is natural for people to compare what is received with those that are received by others given similar inputs.When there is some indication of inequality or un uprightness within the black market setting, the disparity would ultimately allegedly lead to anxiety, tension, and demotivation in the workplace. In the equity theory, employees apparently judge the fairness of the reward system. The fairness of the reward system was acknowledged to be evaluated in terms of the ratio among an employees outcomes and inputs, and on how this ratio compares with those of others. If the employees perceive the reward as equitable, they would probably continue to perform at the same level of output. However, if the reward is perceived as inequitable, they will apparently experience tension that could propel them to react in a manner so as to reduce the inequity. The reaction would ultimately train to bring outcomes and inputs on balance with each other and with those of others.The second approach, the expectancy theory reportedly relates to the lodge between effort and performance. This theory allegedly indicates the strength of belief that performance will be unyielding materially by corresponding effort. The stronger the connection between effort and performance, the higher the expectancy. Likewise, one is convinced that the organic law of expectancies is influenced by the workers own evaluation of his competence. In addition, it was explicitly discussed that the expectancy theory contains quaternion relevant components, to wit job outcomes valences (or the individuals feelings about the expected job outcomes) instrumentality, which refers to the link between p erformance

Lab #8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

research laboratory 8 - Essay ExampleThe model forecast temperature reduction if sulphates emissions will be reduced. The model too predicts that warming will result to faster soil perspiration leading to greater amount of century dioxide being released to the atmosphere. This will hasten the global warming process.Though these models provide predictive solutions about climatical change, they have come under great criticism. This regards to the issue of classifying them as scientific or merely non scientific predictions. Models be used both in the scientific field and also in the business field. Models be predictive. This means that a probability index has to be associated with them. There are chances that what is predicted might occur or not. Scientific experiments are also conducted using formulated hypothesis that help to determine if the hypothesis is trustworthy or not. This shows that the mood models are scientific indeed. Furthermore, these models are based on real observ able visible parameters that help climatologist to predict changes in mood patterns.According to Schmidt, G. (2005, January 12) these patterns are scientific. The controversy about them is the scale of application. When these climate predictions are applied on small scale, the effects may not be clearly visible. When these models are applied to a larger scale, comprehensive results can be obtained. The climatic models take into account the circulation of air, radioactivity transfer, cloud formation, sea ice formation, and soil moisture content. These are channeled in sub modules of the General Circulation Models. These models contain information of how physical processes interact. During their prediction scientific laws and rules for the conservation of energy mass and momentum are obeyed. Discrediting these models as non scientific is ridiculous as they are formulated using and following scientific rules. The validation of the climate models is not simple as they predict long te rm global effects.

The Decline of Our Sea- a Paper on Overfishing Essay Example for Free

The Decline of Our Sea- a Paper on Over angleing EssayThe Decline of Our Sea SCI 275 Environmental Science Steve List-Instructor The fishermen across the universe come out their lives into their boats and their men. They venture out into the open water and turn back all that they gutter. The fisherman knows that this is what all the other fishermen atomic number 18 doing as well it is a survival of the fittest. The man with the most fish wins, they get the biggest check. The world is collection plate to six billion people and there are non enough fish in the seas to fecundate the world. consort to the video, there is a problem with oerfishing and the ocean is being harvested of all its fish faster than it behind repopulate. There are not enough fish left to allow this resource to thrive for our future. According to Scientist Jeremy Jackson, it is reversible there is still hope. Overfishing is not just fisheries taking fish from the sea although that is the larger agenc y of it. Fisheries likewise by bit, which means they accidently catch other fish when fishing for certain species. Bycatching is causing depletion of other species and it is wasteful.Fisheries also harm habitats and breeding grounds by fishing and dragging equipment and nets. The fisheries create pollution as does the relievo of the world, causing severe damage to our oceans. Climate changes also serve as an issue. Water temperatures are changing and causing damage to fragile ecosystems. All of these factors are taken into place as we create a be after, and help repopulate and save our oceans. We must sustain and maintain this resource for our future generations. My final cause is to utilize a catch share system. This system has been studied for many divisions now in the United States.This plan will help the fisheries, save jobs and help our oceans to provide for a great future. The Environmental Defense store (EDF) has researched the plan and stands behind it to save the fis h and the fisheries. Fishermen will be requi passing to meet a preservation goal and will be accountable for what they catch. They will be allowed to fish in certain zones and catch a certain number of fish. With this plan in effect, the fisheries will be able to still fish and the resource can replenish itself. It is a win-win situation for both parties.Fisherman may view the plan negatively, believing that they are being too restricting with a catch share plan. Fisheries take up notes from what the catch, if they are limited it may mean less money for them now. The fishermen claim to see the plan as a long term goal. The plan has already established in the Gulf of Mexico according to the EDF. The plan was initiated for red snapper in January of 2007. Fisherman in that area are now able to fish year round for the first time in a decade, gaining 25% more in earnings and bycatch is down by 70%.Environmentalists will see the plan as a positive show up to saving our oceans. There will be fewer fishermen on the water, therefore less pollution. The fishermen will have restrictions and limits on the number of fish they catch, therefore allowing replenishment of the fish naturally. This may be looked at negatively as well there will be a decrease in jobs in the fisheries. manpower will be annuld as less fish can be caught. As of now, over 200 million people worldwide are employed by fisheries.The environmentalists and the fisheries will need to work together to make the catch share plan work. The two must realize that it will not happen overnight and it will take time to reverse the effects we have caused. As the catch share plan is put in place we will work in zones allowing fisheries to catch and reduce bycatch, thus reducing the chances of eliminating other species of sea life. As time goes on, the fish will repopulate and harvesting can be opened a little more at a time. This plan will growth revenues for fisheries since certain fish are diminishing and w ill replenish later.The catch share plan will allow fisheries to stay open jobs will not be eliminated and communities worldwide can enjoy the forage of the catch. With the plan in effect the fish population can repopulate and communities can thrive on the excess earnings that large catches can bring in when zones are opened. People all over the world can still continue to apply for fishing licenses as leisure and can enjoy a wide range of fish species in their diet. With the catch share plan in place, we can solemnize fisheries open, create new jobs, and allow the fragile oceans to thrive.We can reverse the damage that we have caused on our ecosystem and make a difference for generations to come. References Burnham, Katharine (2008). New Study Offers Viable Solution to Overfishing. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http//www. edf. org/pressrelease. cfm? contentID=8458 Jeantheau, Mark (2005). Pretty Mermaids are ever Over Fishing for Compliments The Causes and Effects of Overfishing. Retrieved June 19, 2009, from http//www. grinningplanet. com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article. htm

Character analysis Essay Example for Free

Character analysis EssayPriestley describes him in the disruption stage directions as a rather portentous man, full of his own self-importance. In the play, he is for certain very touch on with his social position he twice mentions that he was Lord Mayor as a way of impressing Gerald (pp.8, 11), and mentions the knighthood to him, even though it is far from definite. He is solely worried about how his familys character bequeath suffer at the inquest when he hears of Mrs Birlings part in the girls death (p. 45), and he is more concerned about how to coverup Erics thefts (p.54) than about how to put them right. He tries to use first Geralds family name (p.13) and then his friendship with the forefront Constable (p.16) as ways of bullying the quizzer he obviously believes that others are as easily impressed by social connections as he is. (We know he is easily impressed because of his unequivocal pride at Geralds family background he obviously believes he has made a good checkmate for Sheila.)His key characteristic is his complacency. He is well-off (as the opening stage directions suggest), and he believes he always will be that were in for a time of steadily increasing prosperity (p.6). This success, however, has been at the spending of others he threw the girl out of her job for asking for a modest rise, and intends in the future to work with Crofts particular(a) for lower costs and higher prices (p.4), exploiting his power as a capitalist to profit at the expense of others.Birling does not believe he has a responsibility to society, only to his family a man has to head his own business and look after himself and his own (p.10). He is not upset, unlike Eric, at hear the details of the girls death (p.12), which shows him to be a little heartless. He is suspiciously defensive when he thinks the tester is accusing him of causing it, and like Mrs Birling is relieved when he thinks the finger is no longer pointing at him. This is hypocritical because, as the Inspector says, the girls still dead, though (p.18). He also has double standards for he sees nothing distant in wanting to protect Sheila from the unpleasantness of the girls life and death, yet feels no guilt at not having protect the girl herself.Crucially, Priestley undermines this self-important, complacent man, who believes his only responsibility is to his family, right at the start of the play. He is shown as short-sighted and damagePredictionRealityWere in for a time of steadily increasing prosperityThe Wall street Crash (1929) and the Great Depression within a generationThere isnt a chance of state of warWorld war within two years, with a second to follow within the same life-timeIn 1940youll be living in a world thatll have forgotten all these capital of the United States versus Labour agitationsThe General Strike (1926) and the continued rise of the Trade Union Movement.The Titanic unsinkable, absolutely unsinkableSS Titanic sinks on her maiden voy ageThis dramatic irony at his expense encourages us to research how numerous of his other beliefs are correct Priestley, as a socialist, is not sympathetic to what this capitalist believes.He also undermines Birlings relationship with his family, the only institution that Birling believes matters. In Act Two, both his children who larn from the Inspector in a way Birling never does behave badly in front of him (pp.32-33), and his inheritor Eric is later revealed as both an alcoholic and a thief.After the Inspector has gone, Birling simply wants things to glide by to the way they were. He cannot understand Sheilas and Erics insistence that there is something to be learnt, and he is relieved and triumphant when he feels that scandal has been avoided and everything is all right. Right up until the end, he claims that theres every excuse for what both your mother and I did it turned out unfortunately, thats all (p.57).Birling is not the cold and narrow-minded person that his wif e is he simply believes in what he says. He is a limited man, who is shown to be wrong about many things in the play it is the Birlings of the world whom Priestley feared in 1945 would not be willing or able to learn the lessons of the past, and so it is to the younger generation that Priestley hopefully looked insteadMrs BirlingPriestley describes her in the opening stage directions as a rather cold woman (p.1).She expects Sheila to make the same sacrifices in marriage that she had to (p.3) she has a sack up sense of her duty within the family.

Attendance Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

att culminationance Monitoring body EssayThe transcription tracks the performance of employees regarding their attendance on a daily basis. 1. 2 governance Overview Attendance Monitoring System provides a foolproof solution using fingerprint authentication with the use of a Barcode Scanner for input and affiliated with payroll ystem and human resource development clay and provides efficient reports of the company.. The system records details such as arrival and departure of employees besides monitoring their attendance on a daily basis. 1. 2. 1 System Description Attendance Monitoring System takes input in a barcode scanner to collect and process info. Attendance monitoring system leave behind provide the needed data for the payroll system for the deductions of the employee to be process. It provides reports of the DTR, the absences, and the leave of the employee. 1. 2. 2 System OrganizationAttendance Monitoring System has a barcode scanner that takes the input of the emp loyee in barcode id. The system will monitor the daily, monthly, yearly record of the employees absences, leaves, and DTR. It computes for the deeply of the employee for the deductions. 1. 3 Project prolongations http//www. digitscorp. com/insight/attendance-and-time-monitoring-system. html http//www. bioenable. co. in/fingerprints_software_development_kit. htm http// www. aryah. net/TAMS. htm 1. 4 Glossary Provide a glossary of wholly terms and abbreviations used in the manual.If it is several pages in length, it may be put in an appendix. 2 MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW The subsequent sections provide a apprize description of the carrying out and major(ip) lying-ins involved in this section. 2. 1 Description of Implementation This section provides a brief description of the system and the planned deployment, installation, and execution of instrument approach. * The Attendance Monitoring System will be implemented along unneurotic with the Human Resource Development Information Syst em and Payroll System, in which it can operate as a single software. 2. 2 Points of ContactIn this section, identify the System Proponent, the name of the responsible organization(s), and titles and resound numbers of the staff who serve as points of contact for the system implementation. These points of contact could include the Project Manager. political platform Manager, warranter Manager. Database Administrator, Configuration Management Manager, or other managers with responsibilities relating to the system implementation. The site implementation representative for apiece field managers and staff with whom the implementation must be coordinated. 2. 3 Major TasksThis section provides a brief description of each major task required for the implementation of the system. Add as many subsections as necessary to this section to describe all the major tasks adequately. The tasks described in this section are not site-specific, but generic or overall project tasks that are required to install hardware and software, drum data, and verify the system. Include the following information for the description of each major task, if appropriate What the task will accomplish Resources required to accomplish the task Key person(s) responsible for the taskCriteria for successful completion of the task Examples of major tasks are the following Providing overall planning and coordination for the implementation Providing appropriate training for personnel Ensuring that all manuals applicable to the implementation effort are available when neededProviding all needed technical assistance computer programing any special computer processing required for the implementation Performing site surveys before implementation Ensuring that all prerequisites have been fulfilled before the implementation date Providing personnel for the implementation teamacquiring special hardware or software Performing data conversion before loading data into the systemPreparing site facilities for imp lementation 2. 4 Implementation Schedule In this section, provide a schedule of activities to be accomplished during implementation. Show the required tasks (described in Section 2. 3, Major Tasks) in chronological order, with the beginning and end dates of each task. 2. 5Security If appropriate for the system to be implemented, include an overview of the system security features and requirements during the implementation. 2. 5. 1 System Security FeaturesIn this section, provide an overview and discussion of the security features that will be associated with the system when it is implemented. It should include the primary security features associated with the system hardware and software. Security and protection of sensitive bureau data and information should be discussed, if applicable. Reference the sections of previous deliverables that address system security issues, if appropriate. 2. 5. 2Security During Implementation This section addresses security issues specifically relate d to the implementation effort, if any. For example, if LAN servers or workstations will he installed at a site ith sensitive data preloaded on non-removable hard disk drives, address how security would be provided for the data on these devices during shipping, transport, and installation because theft of the devices could via media the sensitive data.

Introduction to Cooking Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Cooking EssayCarbohydrates Starches and sugars are present in foods in many forms 2 Most Important Changes in Carbohydrates Caused by Heat are 1. Caramelization browning of sugars browning of sauteed veggies and golden colour of breads are sample of Caramelization 2. Gelatinization when starches absorb water and swell a major principle in the thickening of sauces and in the production of breads and pastries *ACIDS inhibit gelatinization. A sauce thicken with flour or starch will be thinner if it contains acid. FRUIT VEGETABLE theatrical role FIBER group of complex substances that give structure and firmness to plants. Fiber cant be digested. gather more how to write an introduction The softening of fruits vegetables in cooking is part of the breaking down of fiber. slit makes fiber firmer Baking soda makes fiber softer. Vegetables become mushy and lose vitamins PROTEINS a major broker of meats, poultry, fish, eggs milk products consist a long chain of components called amino acids COAGULATION when the proteins unwind, they become attracted to individually other and form bonds the coagulated proteins form a solid network of bonds and become firm just about proteins complete coagulation are cooked at 160-186F MAILLARD REACTION is what happens when meat browns happens only on the ironic surface of food.CONNECTIVE TISSUES special proteins present in meat (separates the meat from the bone) FATS are present in meat, fish, poultry, egg, milk products. Important medium for frying Liquid fats are called OIL When heated, they begin to breakdown When get through enough, they begin to smoke and deteriorate rapidly.

Jesus and Mary Essay Example for Free

the Nazargonne and bloody shame EssayDuring the last forty years, in that respect has been an increased desire between Catholics and other deliverymanians to discuss the theological positions that kick in separated us. The Catholic church buildings teachings on bloody shame guide been a of import element in the discussions that have taken place. There be m each hopeful signs of mutual understanding, including a new appreciation for the Scriptural and Patristic presentations of bloody shame, as headspring as the writings, homilies and hymns of the Reformers on bloody shame.There is a better understanding of what the Catholic perform actually teaches about bloody shame as well as a better appreciation by Catholics of the theological questions that are raised by other Christians regarding bloody shame. In this environment, scholars from different traditions have reflected upon bloody shames mathematical function as a collaborator of idol in salvation history as well as her role in the Comm northern of Saints.One genuinely signifi cant effort has been that of four Lutheran, four non-Lutheran Protestants and four Catholic Biblical Scholars, which produced the book, Mary in the unfermented Testament, (New York Paulist, 1978). Other remarkable oecumenic determines on Mary have been Mary for All Christians by the Anglican theologian, John Macquarrie (1990) Mary by means of the Centuries, lectures of the noned scholar Jaroslav Pelikan, at Yale University (1996) Mary is for Everyone, papers accustomed at four International Congresses of the Ecumenical Society of the Blessed pure Mary (1997) and Blessed One, Protestant Perspectives on Mary, edited by Beverly Roberts Gaventa and Cynthia L. Rigby.In reexamining the writings of the original Reformers, scholars have uncovered more than humanity among the Reformers regarding Mary than succeeding generations may have had, as the divisions hardened between what was Catholic and what was Protestant. C atholics and Protestants might be surprised to learn of Martin Luthers reverence for Mary, as can be seen in his Commentary on the Magnificat, written in 1521.Between 1983 and 1990, Catholics and Lutheran theologians met to discuss the issues link up to treatment, the saints and Mary. The summary of these discussions was published inThe One Mediator, the Saints, and Mary Lutherans and Catholics in Dialogue VII (1992)Since 1937, Protestant pastors and Catholic priests from France and Switzerland have conducted an ongoing dialogue on ecumenical issues. Initially, they first met at the Cistercian abbey of Notre Dame des Dombes, cardinal miles north of Lyons, from which came the name of the group. Presently the group consists of twenty Lutheran or Reformed pastors and twenty Catholic priests. They are a private association, which meets yearly. Over the years, they have issued a number of documents on various theological issues. Between 1991 and 1997, they reflected on Marys role in s alvation. The side of meat edition of their reflections, Mary in the Plan of perfection and in the Communion of Saints, was printed in 2002.On February 2, 2004, a document was signed by the members of the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC), entitled Mary Grace and Hope in Christ as a statement of the commission which was then submitted to the foreboding(a) Commission for Promoting Christian Unity and to the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Anglican Consultative Council for further study and evaluation. The document was issued on may 12, 2005, to be used for further study by the churches. It is available on the Vatican website (www.vatican.va) by the Pontifical Council for promoting Christian Unity.While much progress has been made, the efforts at dialogue need to continue. Pope John Paul II, in his Encyclical, Ut Unum Sint, has included the church buildings beliefs about Mary among the five areas where fuller study is take before there can be consensus in faith.1 Two of the other areas, which the Pope identifies as belief issues, in addition relate to Marian dogma the singingship between Scripture and tradition as well as the role of the Magisterium in teaching and safeguarding the faith.2We may ask what we intend to achieve by ecumenism. Is it dialog by which each group agrees to give up virtuallything for the sincere of accommodating each other? Although some people may assume that this might be the process of ecumenism, the better approach is to strive to search Gods truth together, inadequacying to have the mind of Christ. Christian unity will vex through humbly seeking the unity that already is in God.3 Christians who accept the truths of the Trinity and Incarnation moldiness recognize that the Eternal Word was yoked with human nature in Mary. Mary was the location of the union of the miraculous and human in the one Person, the Nazarene.Underlying theological issues related to Marian beliefsThe concerns of non-Catho lic Christians about Mary are not related simply to the person of Mary in herself but are related to other fundamental theological truths that served as the basis for the break at the time of the Reformation. Just as there were differences among the reformers there in any case are differences in the theologies of the various Protestant denominations. There are several(prenominal) key theological concerns which enter into the discussion of Mary.Luthers approach to the Justification of MaryLuther views Mary from the persuasion of his theological principles by which the human person can never be said to possess any virtuous quality other than faith in the saving power of rescuer. Luthers teachings on Mary are part of his understanding of the role of the saints in general for him, in which the saints and Mary are examples of what God can do with weak humanity.Luther explains his understanding of Mary at heart his theology of justification, emphasizing grace Mary as well as freely a scribes all to Gods grace, not to her merit. For though she was without sin, yet that grace was far too bully for her to deserve it in any musical mode. How could a creature deserve to become the Mother of God?4 It is noteworthy that Luther speaks of her as being without sin.Luther rejects the notion of merit since he emphasizes that our justification is completely the work of grace. He criticizes Catholic veneration of her as exalting her and so lowering the power of grace. He stresses that Mary does not necessitate us to make an idol of her, stressing her merit, or looking for strong things from her but to honor God and have confidence in His grace. 5The Lutherans in the Lutheran-Catholic Dialogue questioned the practice of attributing virtues other than faith to holy persons based on their conviction that faith alone justifies and that Christ alone makes a person holy In Luthers description of the Magnificat, he exalts Mary because she faces her situation by faith alone. An attempt to use Mary or another(prenominal) Christian to extol any other virtue than faith raises the question of undermining living whole by faith in Christ.6Luther wrote I say Mary does not desire to be an idol she does nothing, God does all.7 Luthers caution that our attention on Mary should not end with her but be directed to having more confidence in Gods grace may also be understood in a Catholic position. However, Catholics also ascribe all good to God, yet there is a difference in that we conceive that Gods grace really changes us and enables to be cooperators with Him in doing good, always relying on His grace.The Catholic position on the way that grace works in our lives was brought out by the Council of Trent Justification consists not only in the forgiveness of sins but also in the sanctification and renewal of the inward being by a willing acceptance of the grace and gifts. 8 The Council states that while Gods grace initiates and supports any good action, the person can either accept or refuse grace. 9 In 1998, Lutheran and Catholic leading signed a Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification seeking a great convergence on the issues of justification.In the Lutheran tradition, Gods initiative is emphasized in justifying us while our response is that of our human freedom moved by grace.10 Ifthe acceptance of justification is the first phase, a second phase follows, which is the carrying out of salvation.11 Luthers reflection on Marys purification in the temple is used by the Dombes crowd to locate Marys good actions within the buzz off of being already justified. Luther wroteShe was purifiedalthough she was not bound by that law and did not need to be purified. She was not justified by this work, but being righteous she did it freely and willingly. So also our works should be done, not that we may be justified by them, since, being justified beforehand by faith, we ought to so all things freely and joyfully for the sake of others.12Th e Dombes Group seems willing to recognize Marys cooperation, if it is seen within the perspective of justification by faith.It was because Mary had been justified by grace alone and in faith, that she could be associated with Gods work in Christ. Her cooperation was unique in regard to the nature of what she did, for she was the mother of Jesus and raised him. She cooperated in the unique and universal heretoforet of salvation. But from the point of view of structure of her status, her cooperation was not different from that of every person justified by grace. It was entirely the fruit of the grace of God.13As Catholics, we would emphasize both the grace of God in a good action as well as human freedom acting as it is aided by grace. Our cooperation is never separate from Gods help.Issue of human cooperation with GodKarl Barth, from the Reformed or Calvinist perspective, identifies the Catholic teachings on Mary as the prime example of Catholic principle on which all their importan t positions are to be regarded and by which they stand and fall.Reformed theology emphasizes the principle, sola gratia. According toBarth, the Catholic teaching on Mary exalts human cooperationIn the doctrine and worship of Mary there is disclosed the one heresy of the Roman Catholic Church which explains all the rest. The mother of God of Roman Catholic Marian dogma is quite simply the principle, vitrine, and spunk of the human creature co-operating servantlike (ministerialiter) in its own redemption on the basis of prevenient grace, and to that extent the principle, type and essence of the Church. 14Barth has accurately noted the relationship Catholics affirm in comparing Mary and the Church, since both the Church and Mary demonstrate creaturely co-operation with grace. He criticizes these Catholic positions on creaturely co-operation which is also related to the role of the church in cooperating with GodNot only does it need Christ, but in all seriousness Christ also needs it. As Mary inevitably co-operates in mans redemption as an intercessory power so does the Church in consummating the sacraments. the Church of the man who co-operates with grace on the basis of grace.15In fact, Barth has very accurately determine a fundamental Catholic principle that we cooperate with God. Barth objects to the notion not only of cooperation in good works but also of merit. Actually, the Catholic position is nuanced, taking human cooperation seriously enough to cover that our works are meritorious. Nevertheless, human cooperation has to be seen within the context of the Churchs teachings on the wideness of grace in every good work, as Thomas Aquinas explains Man obtains from God as a reward of his operation, what God gave him the power of operation for16John Macquarrie, an Anglican theologian, questions Barths objections by noting that even though ultimately salvation is the work of God, the human person is not a puppet or trunk to be molded. As Macquarrie points o ut, the Marian teaching on the Immaculate Conception, is a clear illustration of salvation as a work of Gods grace since the one being conceived can only receive.Macquarrie points out that during her life Mary had the freedom to respond or not respond to Gods graceNow it is the human consent and co-operation with God in the work of salvation that come to manifestation in the career of Mary. Not for a moment can one deny (or would one want to deny) that salvation is from God and is a work of grace, but God does not force His gifts upon us and we can become His covenant partners only if we give our glad and willing assent. 17As Catholics, we believe, that a woman was carry on from sin by grace, and responded by faith and obedience aided by grace in co-operating in the birth and upbringing of the Son of God. She was made holy by grace but she also freely responded to that grace. As the analogy of Eve/Mary illustrates, Marys cooperation was not passive but active.The Dombes Group iden tified human co-operation as an important theological issue. They saw Marys cooperation within her relation with the Three Persons of the TrinityMarys cooperation is the fruit of an initiative of the Father who looks upon the lowliness of his servant (Luke 148). It also the fruit of the kenosis of the Son who emptied himselfand humbled himself (Phil 27-8). Finally, it is the fruit of the action of the Spirit, who disposes Marys heart to be obedient. That is what happened at the moment of her fiat. Marys humility is the fruit of the Sons humility.18IntercessionLuther recognizes intercession made to Mary We ought to call upon her, that for her sake God may grant and do what we request. Thus also all other saints are to be invoked, so that the work may be every way Gods alone.19 In fact, Luther begins the same homily, asking God to grant him a right understanding through the intercession and for the sake of His dear Mother Mary20Nevertheless, Luther asserts that we cannot rely on the intercession of another person, base your salvation on no other works than those God works in you alone, as you see the Virgin Mary do here. To let the intercessions of others assist you in this is right and proper we ought all to pray and work for one another. But no one should depend on the works of others, without the works of God in himself.21The Lutheran theologians who took part in the Lutheran-Catholic Dialogue expressed their concern regarding the invocations of the saints and of Mary, which they see as a take exception to the sole mediatorship of Christ, through whom God pours out grace in the Holy Spirit and the justifying faith of the believer.22 The Lutheran members could accept the saints as examples of Christian life and faith. The Lutherans believe that angels and saints pray for us within the context of Jesus as the one mediator. 23The Catholic participants in the Lutheran-Catholic Dialogue asserted that the mediation of Mary does not believe that Mary is a source of grace in herself but rather her merciful love is an feel and reflection of the mercy of Christ himself. 24The Catholic members intercommunicate the question of intercession by saying that Jesus is never alone but is always in the company of His friends, living and dead. Saints illustrate how Gods grace can work in us, they are patterns of holiness and they pray for us. In the Catholic view, we are bonded with millions of other believers throughout the world and throughout time. Those who have preceded us in faith are unflustered connected with us.25Catholics see the practice of invoking the saints as an extension of the New Testament practice of intercession (Rom 1530-32 2 Cor 111 Eph 419 Col 43) and of the prayer of the righteous (Jas 516). Those in heaven have a heightened charity towards those on earth. Marys intercession has exception power because of her divine motherhood.It was recognized that prayer was being used in a broad sense whendirected to Mary and the saints. P rotestants had no difficulty with praise directed to God for the works God has done in Mary. This could even be seen as being done with Mary.For Catholics, intercession was seen as a form of communion. Catholics recognized there have been excesses in Marian piety, which have not been curbed by the Churchs leaders. Nevertheless, the most universal invocation is to ask Mary to pray for us, in a similar way as the saints are asked to pray for us.26Catholics and Protestants agreed that Mary should be honored and God should be praised for the graces given to her. She should be imitated and we should unite ourselves in praising the Father through her. The Protestants were reluctant to invoke her whereas Catholics entrust themselves to her prayers.27The Anglican-Catholic Dialogue acknowledged that the English Reformers rejected the notion of the invocation of saints yet the Council of Trent reaffirmed it, emphasizing as it did so that such requests were made to God, through his Son our L ord Jesus Christ, who is our sole redeemer and savior (DS 1821).28The Anglican-Catholic document recognized that all ministries in the church, especially those of word and sacrament, mediate the grace of God through human beings. These ministries serve the mediation of Christ and have their power in it. Asking prayers of our brothers and sisters does not diminish the mediatorship of Christ but shows its power through the Spirit.29In the experience of communion of prayer, we are aware of the support of those living and dead. With this understanding, it seems that asking saints for prayers is not to be seen as unscriptural, although not directly taught by the scriptures as a required element. Our prayers are not addressed to the saints, but they are asked to pray for us, though this should not be done in a way of life that blurs the Trinitarian economy of grace.30 The authors of the Anglican-Catholic document state Affirmingtogether unambiguously Christs unique mediation, which bears fruit in the life of the Church, we do not consider the practice of asking Mary and the saints to pray for us as communion dividing.31

Phillosophy Teaching Essay Example for Free

Phillosophy Teaching EssayAt daybreak on the morning of Friday, August 3 1492, an Italian adventurer named Christopher capital of Ohio set piece of paper from Spain to find a current way from Europe to Asia. His aim was to open up a sorter switch over route between the two continents. In Asia, he intended to load his tierce small ships with silks, spices and gold, and tack back to Europe a rich man. capital of Ohio first sailed south to the Canary Islands. Then he turned west across the unknown waters of the mid-Atlantic Ocean. Ten weeks after leaving Spain, on the morning of October 12, he stepped ashore on the beach of low Sandy Island.He named the island San Salvador Holy Savior. Columbus believed that he had landed in the Indies, a group of Inlands close to the mainland of India. For this reason he called the friendly, brown-skind people who greeted him los Indios Indians. In fact, Columbus was not near India. It was not the edge of Asia that he had reached, but islan ds off the shores of a new continent. Europeans would soon name the new continent the States, but for many years they went on calling its inhabitants Indians. hardly recently have these first the Statesns been described more accurately as Native Americans or Amerindians. in that location were many different groups of Amerindians. Those north of Mexico, in what is now the United States on Canada, were scattered across the grasslands and forests in separate groups called tribes. These tribes followed very different ways of manner. Some were hunters, some were farmers. Some were peaceful, others warlike. They spoke over three hundred separate languages, some of which were as different from unmatchable another as English is from Chinese.Europeans called America the New World. But it was not new to the Amerindians. Their ancestors had already been living there for maybe 50000 years when Columbus stepped on to the beach in San Salvador. We say maybe because nobody is completely sure. S cientists believe that the distant ancestors of the Amerindians came to America from Asia. This happened, they say, during the earths last ice age, colossal before people began to make written records. At that time a keep going of ice joined Asia to America across what is now the Bering strait.Hunters from Siberia crossed this bridge into Alaska. From Alaska the hunters moved south and east across America, following herds of caribou and buffalo as the animals went from one feeding ground to the next. Maybe 12000 years ago, descendants of these first Americans were crossing the isthmus of Panama into south America. just about 5000 years later their camp fires were burning on the frozen southern tip of the continent, now called Tierra del fuego the contribute of fire. For many centuries early Amerindians lived as wandering hunters and gatherers of food.Then a more settled way of life began. People living in highland areas of what is now Mexico found a wild grass with picayune s eeds that were good to eat. These people became Americas first farmers. They cultivated the wild grass with great safeguard to make its seeds larger. Eventually it became Indian corn, or maze. Other cultivated plant foods were developed. By 5000 BC Amerindians in Mexico were growing and eating beans, squash and peppers. The Pueblo people of present day Arizona and New Mexico were the best organised of the Amerindians farming people.They lived in groups of villages, or in towns which were built for safety on the sides and top of the cliffs. They shared terraced buildings do of adobe ( mud and straw ) bricks, dried in the sun. Some of these buildings contained as many as 800 rooms, move together on top of one another. The Pueblo made clothing and blankets from cotton which grew wild in the skirt deserts. On their feet they wore boot-shaped leather moccasins to protect their legs against the sharp rocks and cactus plants of the desert. For food the grow crops of maize and beans. Irrigation made them successful as farmers.Long before Europeans came to America and Pueblo were building networks of canals across the deserts to bring water to their fields. In one desert valley modern archaeologists have traced canals and ditches which enable the Pueblo to irrigate 250000 acres of farmland. A people called the apache were the neighbors of the Pueblo. The apache never became settled farmers. They wandered the deserts and mountains in small bands, hunting deer and gathering wild plants, nuts and roots. They besides obtained food by raiding their Pueblo neighbors and stealing it. The Apache were fierce and warlike, and they were much feared by the Pueblo.The Iroquois were a group of tribes a nation- who lived far away from the Pueblo and the Apache in the thick woods of northeastern North America. Like the Pueblo, they were skilled farmers. In fields cleared from the forest they worked together growing beans, squash and twelve different varieties of maiz. They wer e also hunters and fishermen. They use birch bark canoes to carry them swiftly along the rivers and lakes of their forest homeland. The Iroquois lived in permanent villages, in long wooden huts with barrel-shaped roofs. These huts were made from a framework of saplings covered by sheets of elm bark.Each family had its own flatbed on either side of a central hall. The Iroquois were fierce warriors. They were as feared by their neighbors as the Apache of the Hesperian deserts were feared by theirs. Around their huts they build strong wooden stockades to protect their villages from enemies. Eager to win a glory for their tribe and fame and honor for themselves, they often fought one another. From boyhood on, male Iroquois were taught to fear neither pain nor death. gallantry in battle was the surest way for a warrior to win respect and a high position in his tribe.Many miles to the west, on the vast plains of grass that stretched from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, th ere was another warrior nation. This group called themselves Dakota, which elbow room allies. But they were better known by the name which other Amerindians gave to them Sioux, which means enemies. Te Sioux grew no crops and built no houses. For food, for shelter and for clothing they depended upon the buffalo. Millions of these large, slow- moving animals wandered across the western grasslands in vast herds. When the buffalo moved, the Sioux moved.

International Business Climate Essay Example for Free

International Business clime Essay1.0 IntroductionBusiness humour refers to the sparing environment in general which depicts how p arentagees and origin activities atomic number 18 supported by the g all overnment as well as the lending institutions. Business climate is too a reflection of the attitude of the labor unions toward inflation rates, taxation rates, employers and other issues which affect business activities in a given region or unsophisticated. Switzerland ranks the approximately attractive hoidenish in terms of having the most conducive world-wide business climate which has attracted tremendous investments and exceedingly skilled labor from all over the globe. The kingdom enjoys a safe and stable working environment and most small and medium enterprises are located in the Greater Geneva Berne area (GGBa) which has an first-class multinational business lead story record (ggba-switzerland.ch, n.d).Switzerland experienced one of the weakest economies in the Western Europe in the 1990s during which the annual gross domestic product growing averaged 0% between the years 1991 and 1997. A gradual economic growth was witnessed in the branch of late 1997 and it reached a peak in 2000 with a GDP of 3%. Between 2001 and 2003, the economic growth slowed down but began to grow at 2.5% per annum since the year 2004 until the latest global economic crises which bring forth had a great impact on its economic growth (state.gov, 2010). Being at the heart of Europe, Switzerland is a hub for the important communication systems which are indispensable in the industrial Europe. at that placefore, the expansive modern and reliable infrastructure cover the country facilitates an extremely high number of international and local business activities. The good international business climate of the country has been influenced by several factors which entails economic, pagan, legal, and political issues. It is wherefore the objective of this paper to discuss these issues with recognition to Switzerland as a country.2.0 economical ClimateTrade is the backbone of Switzerlands prospering economy which has do its per capita income be among the highest globally. International climate highly favors the exportation grocerys upon which the country depends for generating enormous income while at the corresponding time facilitating the imports of raw materials which are essential for the expansion of the range of goods and services available in the economy. Economic climate is also made better by the liberal trade and investment policies which has attracted many investors in addition to the well defined commercial constabulary and well developed legal system. Switzerland is a piece of several international economic organizations including the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade scheme (WTO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and The World argot (state.gov, 2010).Important sectors of the economy include tourism, engineering, banking and insurance which have a heavy influence in the economic policies of the country. The existing trading companies enjoy unique expertise from faraway East, Africa, Middle East and Eastern Europe. The highly developed tourism industry gives the countrys market the opportunity to trade in services and equipment related to tourism. The export industry provides the economy with about one-half of the countrys corporate earnings with the badst trading partner being the European Union. The trade and economic barriers between Switzerland and the EU are minimal hence facilitating more business activities. The U.S is a major export destination of products from Switzerland and also a major source of imports of raw materials for the country. U.S is the second-largest importer of Swiss goods after Germany and also is the largest unknown investor in Switzerland (state.gov, 2010).3.0 Legal ClimateThe business regulatory system in Switzerland is hig hly transparent and regulations touching the activities of both local and international investors are applied with no discrimination. Previously, cartels were common in the economy whereby companies in various industrial and service sectors through industrial and trade associations organized themselves into vertical and horizontal cartels. The sensitive law politics the formation of cartels ensures that such cartels do no harm to the society and the economy. The adoption of this law which includes the authority to stop anti-competitive behavior without prior warning has facilitated an extra GDP growth of 0.5-0.8% per annum following the step-down of harmful cartels (Dimireva, 2010). The legal system governing international and local business activities has propagated an efficient capital markets and portfolio investment.virtuoso of the largest markets for foreign borrowers is the Swiss franc dominated foreign bond market and generally there are no restrictions on the sale or purc hase of foreign equities and currencies. Forward transactions between Swiss nationals and foreigners net be carried out at the prevailing market rates. The liberal market of Switzerland is protected from being use as a platform for criminal activity and money laundering by regulations which serve to conform particular aspects of portfolio investment. A good example is the signing of OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in 1997 which started operating in 2000 (Dimireva, 2010). The rough-and-ready legal and policy framework of Switzerland has excelled in combating corruption which if unchecked can adversely impact the international business climate. Following implementatation of laws deterring corruption, for instance the U.S firms which have invested in Switzerland have not issued any complaints about cases of corruption. There are highly effective investigative and enforcement mechanisms which deals with any domestic corruption and this has attracted more international investors who hav e developed confidence in the Swiss economy.4.0 Political ClimateThe Swiss political system is highly stable and effective since both the county and state establishment bodies possess high levels opf control. The system has been structured in such a way that all the rural and urban areas of the country have access to government officials for requests or essential information. A referendum which requires a popular one million signatures is enough to give spate the power to demand certain changes concerning business practice, the established law or the environment. One of the main contributors to the countrys political stableness is the stability existing within different institutions.The Swiss National Bank for instance is a highly steadfast finanacial institution which has strengthened and stabilised the Swiss Franc. Political stability is further stabilised by the fact that Switzerland is a representative democracy in which the major governing body is the Federal Council made up of seven persons. The government is considered to be trustworthy and honest by the populace (mkeever.com, n.d).5.0 Cultural ClimateInternational business climate in Switzerland is greatly influenced by the etiquette and cultural expectations in the Swiss professional environment. In order to develop productive working relationships and successful business strategies, it is a preriquisite to understand and respect the various aspects of Swiss culture. The country offers Communicaids Doing Business cultural sensory faculty courses to enhance the creation of fruitful business relationships between foreign business professionals and the Swiss clients partners and colleagues (Guliyev, 2007). Such courses are essential in ensuring competitive advantage which offers foreign business people with the ideal opportunity to well do business in the country. In addition, there are a wide range of cultural and leisure activioties which has further facilitated the progress of the country in doing intyernational business. The ideal cultural climate has prompted a large number of sports lovers, business travellers and nature enthusiasist to visit the country all year round which has elevated international business relations a notch higher.6.0 ConclusionThe creation of an enabling international business climate is a collective task of various institutions and aspects of the society. These aspects must comprehensively address cultural, political, economic, and legal situations of the particular country which is willing to create a conducive business environment. Switzerland is a good example of a country in the heart of Europe which has embarked in creating such an environment which consequently has attracted huge investments. The creation of an excellent international business climate may not be as challenging as sustaining it and therefore firm political, legal, cultural and economic strategies are indispensable in achieving it.

Management Consultancy Services Essay Example for Free

anxiety Consultancy run EssayFollowing the Enron case and others, the place and role of passe-partout advisers inside corporate governance was throw into state-supported focus and as a result the professional person prudence bodies across the world revisited their policies on various restrictive mechanisms. The policies formulated by implant of Management Consultancy, United Kingdom is shootn as a reference in the discussions below. The general principles are summarized. Self- law is best delivered by dint of a modern, professional approach, i.e. through standards backed by disciplinary arrangements that are supported by extraneous validation and a work out of Professional Conduct and Ethical Guidelines that apply to altogether members. A framework is required at the organisational and individual level to ensure that thickenings are able to establish an informed decision about their pickax of consultancy advice. A sector-wide definition of management consultancy should be developed that will assist in a topic of commissions, including the debate around self- ruler, and be sufficiently flexible to accommodate refreshed housers of consultancy. The sector-wide definition should be Management consultancy is the provision to management of objective advice and assistance relating to the strategy, structure, management and operations of an organization in pursuit of its long purposes and objectives. Such assistance whitethorn include the acknowledgment of options with recommendations the provision of an additional resource and/or the carrying into action of solutions. The definition of a management consultant should be Management consultants are those organisations and/or individuals that participate in the process of management consultancy within a framework of discriminate and relevant professional disciplines and ethics knowing for the activity of management consultancy. The principle of detailed technical regulation of management cons ultancy should be rejected and that the indwelling skills of consulting are primarily behavioral, stressing the importance of competences and ethical standards. Any regulative authorities requires a signifi merchant shipt subdivision of independence from the profession in terms of membership and operation. The option of a regulatory system that provides intimately accessible information from clients on the performance of firms and individuals should be considered carefully. The spheric nature of consultancy means that the complexities of jurisdiction and relevant law need to be taken into account and the dangers of regulatory systems being use as restraints on trade or for the furtherance of the interests of trade blocs recognized. The question of the interaction of parallel regulatory systems needs to be explored thoroughly with a wide range of professional and trade bodies. Management consultancy is immensely competitive. Any self-regulatory regime must non fetter the abi lity of management consultants to compete for business, with the opportunities for other companies that they may bring. The Government does not defend a formal role in regulating the profession of management consultancy. Its role is to push and support stakeholders in management consultancy, including clients and other institutes, to develop a system that protects users and enables the UK profession to compete in a global grocery.2.PROFESSIONAL CONSULTANCY ORGANIZATIONS CHALLENGESTraditionally the state has awarded draws of professionals the privilege of self-regulation in return for an assurance that members carry by a set of standards and an ethical code of conduct to ensure fortress of the public interest. As increase levels of education and social awareness give rise to greater expectations traditional structures, rules and regulations are challenged and plea for privilege is questioned. The position of trade and professional bodies is too made more complex by the incre ase demand from members for such bodies to defend them from these pressures. This representational role has to be balanced carefully against the public protection responsibility. The regulatory function itself is not without its pitfalls. They are cent red on ensuring that everyone in the market is covered, how some(prenominal) regulations are to be enforced and excessively possibly ensuring that restrictive trade practices legislation is not use against them. All such arrangements are potentially unstable and perhaps are held together predominantly by the fear of more onerous statutory regulation.But these difficulties are compounded in an international environment. The increasing globalization that result in emergence of a single market mean that the developments of rules and regulations concerning two issues competition amongst professionals and standardization of qualifications are of particular concern. But the profession is also global in nature and regulation has also t o be seen in against a shifting pattern of international trading and political structures. unitary driver for change is seen as ..deregulation and privatization, combined with a gradual shifting of policy-making to the global level.If regulation is the key, what form should it take? It can be introduced at a number of levels, i.e. the activity (technical regulation) individuals (standards and qualifications) firms (the trade association model) or the profession as a whole (ethics and principles). All of them fuck off their difficulties. Some believe that the bill profession in the USA had the wrong approach, i.e. Based on strict adherence to rules, it inadvertently promote innovations of the worst kind creative accounting.3. SHOULD MANAGEMENT CONSULTANCY BE REGULATED?There is, equally, the view that regulation is not needed at all. The market will regulate itself. This, of flux, ignores that fact that business takes place within a societal framework and the view that the market is the ultimate regulator is, surely, flawed. It is based on the notion, sound in theory but questionable in practice, that the market is a perfect mechanism. Others suggest that the secret lies in the education of the client to make it an informed marketplace. It also has to balanced with the view that, if management consultancy wishes to be seen as professional, Professional awareness and behavior come when the early juggling with a little knowledge gives way to skilled application of a generally accepted body of knowledge according to accepted standards of integrity. It is also the case that the development of partnerships between clients and professional service firms (including investment by the latter in the former) may well limit the willingness of clients to shop around.The key question then is what is regulation for. In essence of course it is to ensure that the customers or stakeholders receive the goods and service that they need and that the suppliers claim to provide. In the case of management consultancy this must mean that clients receive the best possible advice to help them in taking their organizations forward. In a market dominated by a few global brands, it is about spread outing the transparency and extent of choice to enable clients to choose on the basis of expertise, quality of delivery and cost. It is also about balancing the need to extend these principles down from the firm to the individual and the costs of some(prenominal) system.The government view has been that good self-regulation coupled with demanding application and people standards help companies compete in a global marketplace. When combined with effective self-regulatory systems and where appropriate reinforcement mechanisms exist to encourage good practice and resolve cross-border disputes, this development will reduce barriers and realize a single market worldwide.4. STEP 1 IN REGULATAION WHO ARE MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS?A number of definitions have been developed i n recent years. The following is a small selectionManagement consultants are used first to provide wider additional expertise than is available within a single organization. Thus a change in production or marketing may require expertise in pattern and implementing a new system. Secondly, management consultants are used to provide objective appraisals where it is often easier for the expert outsider to see the broader picture and recognize the long-term requirements. Thirdly, the management consultant may be needed to provide additional assistance where there is a temporary increase in the management workload. This may be to cope with a major change or new development in every orbit of management responsibility.The rendering of independent advice and assistance on management issues. This typically includes identifying and investigating problems and/or opportunities, recommending appropriate action and helping to implement those solutions.Management consulting is an independent pro fessional advisory service assisting mangers and organizations in achieving organizational purposes and objectives by solving management and business problems, identifying and seizing new opportunities, enhancing learning and implementing changes.The term Management Consultancy applies when a firm is engaged for a definitive duration to undertake specific enquiries, conduct studies, identify options and make recommendations or give advice of a strategic nature relating to the organization, management and operation of the organization for consideration/implementation.These definitions or descriptions have a number of weave in common. They are concerned with management issues of a significant, although not necessarily strategic, importance. Secondly, they are concerned with the role of the expert outsider. Finally, they extend the role of management consultants beyond advice and into implementation.Taking these threads into account the Institute believes that the sector-wide definit ion should be Management consultancy is the provision to management of objective advice and assistance relating to the strategy, structure, management and operations of an organization in pursuit of its long-term purposes and objectives. Such assistance may include the identification of options with recommendations the provision of an additional resource and/or the implementation of solutions.Some have raised the issue of whether, if the professional activity is defined, the role of the individual management consultant also needs to be placed within a definitional framework.5.REGULATION WIDER ISSUESConversely, it is likely to be the case that others, even if introduced for the best of reasons, may see any system of regulation, as a restraint of trade. The danger is that the introduction of any self-regulatory system may also require an accompanying increase in bureaucracy and industry overheads and that the perceived failure of any such system may provoke a call for statutory inter vention.The potential costs of any regulatory regime, however light its touch, are also of concern when Government does not seem to appreciate the costs, whether financial or opportunity, that may arise. Additional administration for practices and activity by professional bodies require resourcing and, in many an(prenominal) cases, it is practitioners who have to bear the burden.The reality is that management consultancy, like every other business, is immensely competitive. Any regulatory proposals must take into account the need for the consulting profession to retain flexibility to adapt to a new global and technology-driven world. While global practices dominate the market, internal consultancies within domestic companies are turning to external and, hence, foreign markets, for business and small practices in niche markets are also competing on a global stage. The key is responding to the needs of clients rather than a regulatory regime that will always be base developments in the marketplace.6. commandment OF ETHICS INSTITUTE OF MGMT CONSULTANTS, USAAll IMC USA members pledge in makeup to abide by the Institutes Code of Ethics. Their adherence to the Code signifies voluntary assumption of self-discipline. The Code specifiesClients* Members will servicing their clients with integrity, competence, and objectivity, using a professional approach at all times, and placing the best interests of the client above all others.* Members will establish realistic expectations of the benefits and results of their run.* Members will treat all client information that is not public knowledge as confidential, will prevent it from access by unauthorized people, and will not take advantage of patented or privileged information, either for use by them, their firm or another(prenominal) client, without the clients permission.* Members will avoid conflicts of interest, or the appearance of such, and will disclose to a client any component part or interests that might influence their judgment and objectivity.* Members will refrain from inviting an employee of an current or previous client to consider alternative employment without prior discussion with the client.Engagements* Members will only accept assignments which they possess the expertise to perform, and will only assign staff with the requisite expertise.* Members will ensure that before accepting any engagement a mutual understanding of the objectives, scope, work plan, and fee arrangements has been established.* Members will offer to withdraw from a consulting engagement when their objectivity or integrity may be impaired.Fees* Members will agree in assert with a client on the basis for fees and expenses, and will charge fees and expenses that are reasonable, legitimate and commensurate with the services delivered and the responsibility accepted.* Members will disclose to their clients in advance any fees or commissions that they receive for equipment, supplies or services they could re commend to their clients.Profession* Members will respect the individual and corporate rights of clients and consulting colleagues, and will not use proprietary information or methodologies without permission.* Members will represent the profession with integrity and professionalism in their relations with their clients, colleagues and the general public.* Members will report violations of this Code to the Institute, and will ensure that other consultants working on behalf of the member abide by this Code.The Institute of Management Consultants USA, Inc. (IMC USA) adopted its first Code of Ethics in 1968. Since that time IMC USA has special the wording of the Code for additional clarity and relevance to clients. The current Code was approved February 22, 2002. It is consistent with the internationalistic Code of Professional Conduct published by the International Council of Management Consulting Institute (ICMCI) of which IMC USA is a founding member.Members who apply for the CMC (Certified Management Consultant) designation must pass a written examination on the application of the IMC USA Code of Ethics to client service. The CMC mark is awarded to consultants who have met high standards of education, experience, competence and professionalism.7.CODE OF ETHICS THE GROUND REALITYThis paper is based on an Ethics Survey conducted by the Institute of Management Consultants among American business consulting clients of IMC members who are Certified Management Consultants (CMCs).Results* Over-promising expected results and/or benefits (Nearly half of the respondents-46%)* not serving the best interest of the client (32%)* Under-delivering results vs. commitment (31%)A high percentage of respondents40%indicated that they believe professional service firms would lie to protect themselves. Thirty-nine percent (39%) also indicated that they think employees would lie to protect themselves. Counterbalancing this, however, was the mirror image of 54% of the respondent s who indicted that in a difficult situation, they believe employees will behave honorably. Half of the respondents also believe that professional service firms do place a high value on the welfare of the clients organization. It can therefore be concluded that while business executives believe that both employees and professional service firms do have an interest in the success and welfare of the organization/enterprise, they also feel that both groups would be inclined to act to protect their own interest or enhance their own position-an action which could inescapably be to the detriment of the enterprise.Two additional issues in which professional service firms can be faulted by business executives included* Allowing the projects scope to expand/creep. (One-fourth of the respondents indicated this was happening frequently.)* Being imprecise or non-specific when setting expectations. (Only 19% indicated that this happens frequently, yet 68% indicated this occasionally happens.)