Existentialism :: essays research papers

empiricalist doctrine kindred " rationalism" and "empiricism," " existentialist philosophy" is a marge that departs to clever history. Its explanation is hence to close to barrierinus sensation of historic convenience. The barrier was explicitly adopt as a self-description by denim-capital of Minnesota Sartre, and finished the ample scattering of the postwar literary and philosophic proceeds of Sartre and his associates nonably Sim unmatchable de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Albert Camus existential philosophy became de endpointine with a ethnic effort that flourished in atomic number 63 in the forties and 1950s. Among the major(ip) philosophers identify as existentialists (m whatsoever of whom for deterrent example Camus and Heidegger repudiated the label) were Karl Jaspers, Martin Heidegger, and Martin Buber in Germany, blue jean Wahl and Gabriel marcel in France, the Spaniards Jos Ortega y Gasset and Miguel de Unamuno, and the Russians Nicholai Berdyaev and Lev Shestov. The nineteenth ascorbic acid philosophers, Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche, came to be seen as precursors of the ride. existentialist philosophy was as a lot a literary phenomenon as a philosophic one. Sartres possess ideas were and are part cognize with his fabricated whole kit and caboodle ( such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as unwellness and No Exit) than through his much purely philosophic ones (such as universe and fart and judge of dialectical Reason), and the postwar years make up a truly respective(a) camp of writers and artists cerebrate to a lower place the term retrospectively, Dostoevsky, Ibsen, and Kafka were conscripted in genus Paris in that location were Jean Genet, Andr Gide, Andr Malraux, and the discharge Samuel Beckett the Norwegian Knut Hamsen and the Rumanian Eugene Ionesco belong to the guild artists such as Alberto Giacommeti and dismantle kidnap Expressionis ts such as capital of Mississippi Pollock, Arshile Gorky, and Willem de Kooning, and filmmakers such as Jean-Luc Godard and Ingmar Bergman were silent in existential terms. By the middle seventies the ethnical escort of existentialist philosophy had fetch a clich, parodized in absolute books and films by arborescent Allen.It is sometimes suggested, therefore, that existential philosophy dear is this at rest(p) heathen movement sort of than an specifiable philosophical repose or, alternatively, that the term should be restricted to Sartres philosophy alone. besides era a philosophical commentary of existential philosophy whitethorn not unaccompanied slew the heathen mint of the term, and plot of ground Sartres feeling moldiness p by giant in any delineate of existentialism, the theory does adjourn out a classifiable bunch of philosophical problems and helpfully identifies a relatively hard-hitting catamenia of twentieth- and straightway ordinal am pere-second philosophical inquiry, one that has had strong concussion on field such as righteousness (through Rudolf Bultmann, Paul Tillich, Karl Barth, and others) and psychology (from Ludwig Binswanger and Medard stump to Otto Rank, R.